Coronary computed tomography angiography-derived total coronary plaque burden associated with subsequent cardiovascular outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective: To investigate the association of coronary plaque burden variables derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) before patients underwent their first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after PCI.

Methods: Patients who underwent CCTA before their first PCI were included retrospectively. A radiologist and a cardiologist analyzed CCTA images on a dedicated workstation. The coronary plaque burden variables included total plaque volume, total percent atheroma volume, volumes and fractions of total low-attenuation plaque, total fibrous plaque, and total calcified plaque. The primary outcomes were MACEs, a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and unscheduled coronary revascularization.

Results: A total of 230 patients were included in the final analysis. During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 67 MACEs occurred. Total plaque volume, total percent atheroma volume, volumes of total low-attenuation plaque and total fibrous plaque but not their fractions were independent predictors for MACEs. Compared with the first tertiles, the hazard ratio of the third tertile of total plaque volume, total percent atheroma volume, total low-attenuation plaque volume, and total fibrous plaque volume were 2.06 (95% CI: 1.03-4.15), 2.15 (95% CI: 1.02-4.51), 3.04 (95% CI: 1.45-6.36), and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.11-4.46), respectively. Neither total calcified plaque volume nor fraction was associated with MACEs independently.

Conclusion: Selected pre-PCI CCTA-derived variables, including total percent atheroma volume, volumes of total plaque, total low-attenuation plaque and total fibrous plaque, were significantly associated with MACEs after PCI, suggesting that CCTA before PCI reveals the residual risk after revascularization.

Clinical Relevance Statement: The coronary plaque burden variables derived from coronary computed tomography angiography before percutaneous coronary intervention are independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events, which could be instrumental in optimizing patient management.

Key Points: Coronary plaque burden is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Selected total plaque burden variables derived from coronary computed tomography angiography before percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with poor prognosis. Routine coronary computed tomography angiography before percutaneous coronary intervention might be helpful in reducing future risks.