AI Article Synopsis
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disease resulting from inflammation and scarring caused by long-term exposure to certain antigens, leading to type 3 and type 4 hypersensitivity reactions.
- Clinically, HP presents with symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing; tests reveal restrictive lung patterns and characteristic CT scan findings.
- Current preventive measures focus on avoiding antigens, while treatments include prednisone for acute cases and mycophenolate mofetil for chronic cases, highlighting the need for more research on MMF's effectiveness in fibrosing HP.
Article Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a pulmonary disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma following chronic exposure to immunogenic antigens. The pathophysiology of HP involves type 3 and type 4 hypersensitivity reactions leading to acute and chronic manifestations, respectively. Clinically, it manifests as exertional dyspnea and wheezing. Pulmonary function tests display a pattern of restrictive lung disease, and high-resolution CT scans display a pattern of ground glass opacities, centrilobular nodules, and mosaic attenuation. Antigen avoidance remains the only method for primary prevention. Alternative therapy may be needed due to either the inability to avoid antigens or the lack of antigen identification. Prednisone 0.5 mg/kg per day is the first-line treatment for acute non-fibrotic forms of HP. In chronic or fibrotic HP, the immunomodulator mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was shown to be an effective treatment in improving the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and forced vital capacity, but not overall survival. The following study aims to bring to attention the need for additional prospective multicenter clinical trials to clarify the role of MMF as an immunomodulator in fibrosing HP.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110094 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.58723 | DOI Listing |
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