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Comparative efficacy and safety of treatment regimens for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Clin Microbiol Infect
December 2024
BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a serious opportunistic infection in people living with HIV (PWH) who have low CD4 counts. Despite its side effects, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is currently considered the primary treatment for PCP.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to compare the efficacy (treatment failure and mortality) and tolerability (treatment change) of PCP treatment regimens with a frequentist network meta-analysis.
Alternative Pneumocystis Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Solid Organ Transplants.
Transpl Infect Dis
November 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Background: Despite limited data supporting use in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, atovaquone and dapsone are often used as alternatives to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis.
Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study describes a multi-organ program's experience with alternative PJP prophylaxis. Adult SOT recipients transplanted November 13, 2020 to November 13, 2022 who received non-TMP-SMX PJP prophylaxis and had > 1 year follow-up were included.
Drug-specific presentation and outcome of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in children: a scoping review.
Clin Exp Dermatol
January 2025
Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction with significant variation between patients concerning presenting symptoms and disease severity. Under the hypothesis that the clinical presentation of DRESS is drug specific, we performed a scoping review and identified 644 cases of paediatric DRESS. A single implicated drug was present in 262 cases, and drugs with 10 or more cases were included in this analysis (n = 224): carbamazepine (n = 86), dapsone (n = 16), lamotrigine (n = 25), phenobarbital (n = 38), phenytoin (n = 45) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 14).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUse of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole for treating in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a case report.
Front Med (Lausanne)
September 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.
Background: pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection caused by the yeast-like fungus . As recommended by some guidelines, the first-line treatment for this infection is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and the second-line treatment includes drugs such as dapsone, pentamidine, primaquine, Atovaquone, clindamycin, and caspofungin. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked gene disorder in which treatment with oxidizing drugs, such as sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, can directly destroy hemoglobin present in red blood cells (RBCs), thereby inducing methemoglobin and hemolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSulfonamide allergy label and the risk of opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant recipients - A retrospective matched cohort study.
Transpl Infect Dis
October 2024
Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy, Allergy & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Background: While a penicillin allergy label has been linked to various negative clinical outcomes, limited studies have specifically characterized the implication of sulfonamide allergy labels (SAL) on clinical outcomes. We examined the impact of SAL on clinical outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients.
Methods: In this retrospective matched cohort study, we utilized the TriNetX US collaborative Network, a multicenter de-identified US database, and identified solid organ transplant recipients with and without SAL.
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