Artificial Intelligence for Real-Time Prediction of the Histology of Colorectal Polyps by General Endoscopists.

Background: Real-time prediction of histologic features of small colorectal polyps may prevent resection and/or pathologic evaluation and therefore decrease colonoscopy costs. Previous studies showed that computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) was highly accurate, though it did not outperform expert endoscopists.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of histologic predictions by general endoscopists before and after assistance from CADx in a real-life setting.

Design: Prospective, multicenter, single-group study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04437615).

Setting: 6 centers across the United States.

Participants: 1252 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy and 49 general endoscopists with variable experience in real-time prediction of polyp histologic features.

Intervention: Real-time use of CADx during routine colonoscopy.

Measurements: The primary end points were the sensitivity and specificity of CADx-unassisted and CADx-assisted histologic predictions for adenomas measuring 5 mm or less. For clinical purposes, additional estimates according to location and confidence level were provided.

Results: The CADx device made a diagnosis for 2695 polyps measuring 5 mm or less (96%) in 1252 patients. There was no difference in sensitivity between the unassisted and assisted groups (90.7% vs. 90.8%; = 0.52). Specificity was higher in the CADx-assisted group (59.5% vs. 64.7%; < 0.001). Among all 2695 polyps measuring 5 mm or less, 88.2% and 86.1% ( < 0.001) in the CADx-assisted and unassisted groups, respectively, could be resected and discarded without pathologic evaluation. Among 743 rectosigmoid polyps measuring 5 mm or less, 49.5% and 47.9% ( < 0.001) in the CADx-assisted and unassisted groups, respectively, could be left in situ without resection.

Limitation: Decision making based on CADx might differ outside a clinical trial.

Conclusion: CADx assistance did not result in increased sensitivity of optical diagnosis. Despite a slight increase, the specificity of CADx-assisted diagnosis remained suboptimal.

Primary Funding Source: Olympus America Corporation served as the clinical study sponsor.