Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and α-amylase inhibitors from extract.

Objective: To investigate the effects of (HH) as a free radical scavenger, and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase (α-amylase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Methods: In this study, HH plant was preliminary analyzed for phytochemical screening and then tested for its antioxidant, anti-α-amylase, and anti-AChE efficiency standard procedures.

Results: Phytochemical analysis shows the existence of different compounds; while Coumarins and quinones were absent. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannins content were found to be (78.52 ± 0.69) mg GAE/g, (2.01 ± 0.04) mg RUE/g, and (58.12 ± 0.23) mg TAE/g of plant extract respectively. 28.02% ± 0.02% alkaloid and 2.02% ± 0.05% saponins were present in the HH extract. The HH extract showed the anti-oxidant property with IC50 (50% inhibition) of (151.01 ± 0.13) (HH), (79.01 ± 0.04) (Ascorbic acid) for ferric reducing, (91.48 ± 0.13) (HH), (48.02 ± 0.11) (Ascorbic acid) against Ammonium molybdenum, (156.02 ± 0.31) (HH), (52.38 ± 0.21) (Ascorbic acid) against DPPH, 136.01 ± 0.21 (HH), 52.02± 0.31 (Ascorbic acid) against HO, and 154.12 ± 0.03 (HH), (40.05 ± 0.15) (Ascorbic acid) μg/mL against ABTS respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that HH caused a competitive type of inhibition of α-amylase ( remained constant and Km increases from 10.65 to 84.37%) while Glucophage caused the un-competitive type of inhibition i-e both Km and decreased from 40.49 to 69.15% and 38.86 to 69.61% respectively. The , (inhibition constant); , (dissociation constant), , (Michaelis-Menten constant), and IC50 were found to be 62, 364, 68.1, and 38.08 ± 0.22 for HH and 12, 101.05, 195, 34.01 ± 0.21 for Glucophage. Similarly, HH causes an anon-competitive type of inhibition of AChE i-e Km remains constant while decreases from 60.5% to 74.1%. The calculated , , , and IC50 were found to be 32, 36.2, 0.05, and 18.117 ± 0.018.

Conclusion: From the current results, it is concluded that HH extract contains bioactive compounds, and could be a good alternative to controlling oxidants, Alzheimer's and Type-II diabetic diseases.