In a recent study, Ziak et al. employed precise sparse labeling and spatiotemporally controlled genetic manipulations to uncover novel regulators of axon branching of layer 2/3 mouse callosal projection neurons. The authors elucidated a cell-autonomous signaling pathway wherein glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) restricts interstitial axon branching by modulating microtubule (MT) tyrosination status.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.001 | DOI Listing |
Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran.
Fast spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneuron is an inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron diffused in different brain networks, including the cortex and hippocampus. As a key component of brain networks, PV interneurons collaborate in fundamental brain functions such as learning and memory by regulating excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance and generating gamma oscillations. The unique characteristics of PV interneurons, like their high metabolic demands and long branching axons, make them too vulnerable to stressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Life Sci
January 2025
School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
The selective elimination of inappropriate projections is essential for sculpting neural circuits during development. The class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) sensory neurons of Drosophila remodel the dendritic branches during metamorphosis. Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are required for programmed axonal pruning of mushroom body (MB) γ neurons during metamorphosis in Drosophila.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
January 2025
Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
Introduction: The brainstem vestibular nuclei neurons receive synaptic inputs from inner ear acceleration-sensing hair cells, cerebellar output neurons, and ascending signals from spinal proprioceptive-related neurons. The lateral (LVST) and medial (MVST) vestibulospinal (VS) tracts convey their coded signals to the spinal circuits to rapidly counter externally imposed perturbations to facilitate stability and provide a framework for self-generated head movements.
Methods: The present study describes the morphological characteristics of intraaxonally recorded and labeled VS neurons monosynaptically connected to the 8th nerve.
bioRxiv
January 2025
Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
Mitochondrial ATP production and calcium buffering are critical for metabolic regulation and neurotransmission making the formation and maintenance of the mitochondrial network a critical component of neuronal health. Cortical pyramidal neurons contain compartment-specific mitochondrial morphologies that result from distinct axonal and dendritic mitochondrial fission and fusion profiles. We previously showed that axonal mitochondria are maintained at a small size as a result of high axonal mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurobiol
January 2025
Otology & Neurotology Group CTS495, Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source, often associated with changes in the auditory pathway and different brain regions. Recent research revealed an overload of missense variants in the ANK2 gene in individuals with severe tinnitus. ANK2, encoding ankyrin-B, regulates axon branching and inhibits microtubule invasion.
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