The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, specifically referring to the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in pericyclic reactions, is a process that forms two carbon-carbon covalent bonds in a single step via an electron ring transition state. Among the secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms, numerous compounds are biosynthesized through DA reactions, most of which are enzymatic. Our research group has discovered an enzyme named Diels-Alderase (DAase) that catalyzes the DA reaction in filamentous fungi, and we have been investigating its catalytic mechanism. This review describes the reported microbial DAase enzymes, with a particular focus on those involved in the construction of the decalin ring.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbae040 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Clinical Education, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, GBR.
Anatomy education, which forms the cornerstone of today's medical education, has traditionally centered on cadaveric dissections and prosections as its core teaching methods. However, these methods present with challenges, including student anxiety, nausea, and limited cadaver availability. Recent advancements in digital technologies have led to the proliferation of innovative learning tools, introducing novel and transformative approaches to enhance anatomy education.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSAGE Open Nurs
December 2024
Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background: Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs are crucial for enhancing the quality of healthcare delivery. The presence of incompetent and unskilled healthcare professionals is not satisfactory. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' engagement in CPD programs and identify the barriers affecting this engagement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Alzheimer's Disease and Related dementias (ADRD) are disproportionately underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and undertreated in Latino/a/e/x populations living in the U.S. Latino/a/e/x families also experience low access to ADRD caregiver support services and high levels of depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Res
April 2024
Department of Physics, University of Washington, 3910 15th Avenue Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Group-equivariant neural networks have emerged as an efficient approach to model complex data, using generalized convolutions that respect the relevant symmetries of a system. These techniques have made advances in both the supervised learning tasks for classification and regression, and the unsupervised tasks to generate new data. However, little work has been done in leveraging the symmetry-aware expressive representations that could be extracted from these approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
December 2024
Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
This study conducts a rigorous comparative analysis between two cutting-edge instance segmentation methods, Mask R-CNN and YOLOv8, focusing on stomata pore analysis. A novel dataset specifically tailored for stomata pore instance segmentation, named PhenomicsStomata, was introduced. This dataset posed challenges such as low resolution and image imperfections, prompting the application of advanced preprocessing techniques, including image enhancement using the Lucy-Richardson Algorithm.
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