Improved desalination performance of flow-electrode capacitive deionisation by a novel drop-shape channel.

As an emerging desalination technology, flow-electrode capacitive deionisation (FCDI) has the advantages of theoretically infinite adsorption capacity and applicability to high-concentration brine. However, during the operation of FCDI, the flow electrode in the S-shape channel is prone to sedimentation and clogging the channel. This undesirable phenomenon brings low efficiency and security issues. Therefore, a drop-shape channel was designed for FCDI to improve the flow regime of the flow electrode. The flow simulation of the drop-shape channel was performed to select the appropriate geometry to avoid the formation of the vortex and low-velocity region. The simulation results showed that the streamlined design of the drop-shape channel has insignificant velocity gradients. It significantly reduces the low-velocity region and improves the phenomenon of particle sedimentation. The desalination performance with varieties of electrode flow rate, AC content, and voltage was used to investigate the advantage between S-shape and drop-shape channels. It was found that under the conditions of low flow rate, high AC content, and high voltage, the drop-shape channel FCDI system could still obtain better ASRR and CE.