Assessing Nerve Conduction Velocity as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator in Leprosy Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Hansen's disease is a condition in which patients develop peripheral neuropathy. In 1873, G. H. A. Hansen discovered Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease. These bacteria influence the peripheral nerves, which is likely to cause neuropathy. Sensory nerve conduction studies were performed in leprosy patients on the upper limb nerves of 30 patients in the rural area of the Wardha district in the Indian population. Methods In this study, we recruited 30 leprosy patients from the Department of Dermatology and A.V.B.R. Hospital, Sawangi Wardha. The patient's nerve conduction velocity (NCV) tests were carried out in the Department of Physiology at J. N. Medical College, Wardha. NCVs were obtained during these three years, beginning in 2009, while performing sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). The latency, amplitude, and NCV parameters were recorded, and the data collection period ended in 2011. In this study, we measured both MNCV and SNCV. Results In our study, impairment of conductional velocity was observed. In leprosy patients, the MNCV values of latency, amplitude, and conductional velocity were 6.61, 3.89, and 46.92 m/s, respectively, whereas the SNCV values were 3.005, 25.17, and 38 m/s, respectively. Based on the results, it appears that the maximal sensory nerve involvement was recorded at 38 m/s conductional velocity. In NCVs, increased latency and decreased conductional velocity were found across the study. Conclusion It was concluded that nerve conduction studies are one of the non-invasive techniques for early diagnosis and management of leprosy. This study should be repeated with a larger sample size and should be multicentric.