Astrocytes respond to all forms of central nervous system maladies. In a recent issue of Nature, Lee et al. demonstrate that astrocytes encode inflammatory stimuli as epigenetic memory, which strengthens responses to subsequent stimuli and exacerbates pathology in disease models.
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Learning-associated astrocyte ensembles regulate memory recall.
Nature
January 2025
Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
The physical manifestations of memory formation and recall are fundamental questions that remain unresolved. At the cellular level, ensembles of neurons called engrams are activated by learning events and control memory recall. Astrocytes are found in close proximity to neurons and engage in a range of activities that support neurotransmission and circuit plasticity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimer's Disease: An Attempt of Total Recall.
J Alzheimers Dis
October 2024
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
This review is an attempt to compile existing hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), starting from sensory impairments observed in AD and concluding with molecular events that are typically associated with the disease. These events include spreading of amyloid plaques and tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau and formation of Hirano and Biondi bodies as well as the development of oxidative stress. We have detailed the degenerative changes that occur in several neuronal populations, including the cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus, the serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei, and the noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytes remember inflammation.
Immunity
May 2024
Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:
Astrocytes respond to all forms of central nervous system maladies. In a recent issue of Nature, Lee et al. demonstrate that astrocytes encode inflammatory stimuli as epigenetic memory, which strengthens responses to subsequent stimuli and exacerbates pathology in disease models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytes control recent and remote memory strength by affecting the recruitment of the CA1→ACC projection to engrams.
Cell Rep
March 2024
Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. Electronic address:
The maturation of engrams from recent to remote time points involves the recruitment of CA1 neurons projecting to the anterior cingulate cortex (CA1→ACC). Modifications of G-protein-coupled receptor pathways in CA1 astrocytes affect recent and remote recall in seemingly contradictory ways. To address this inconsistency, we manipulated these pathways in astrocytes during memory acquisition and tagged c-Fos-positive engram cells and CA1→ACC cells during recent and remote recall.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSituation-Based Neuromorphic Memory in Spiking Neuron-Astrocyte Network.
IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst
December 2023
Mammalian brains operate in very special surroundings: to survive they have to react quickly and effectively to the pool of stimuli patterns previously recognized as danger. Many learning tasks often encountered by living organisms involve a specific set-up centered around a relatively small set of patterns presented in a particular environment. For example, at a party, people recognize friends immediately, without deep analysis, just by seeing a fragment of their clothes.
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