()-1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroisoquinoline (()-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-OHIQ) is the key intermediate of the nonopioid antitussive dextromethorphan. In this study, ()-IR61-V69Y/P123A/W179G/F182I/L212V (M4) was identified with a 766-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency compared with wide-type IR61 through enzyme engineering. M4 could completely convert 200 mM of 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroisoquinoline into ()-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-OHIQ in 77% isolated yield, with >99% enantiomeric excess and a high space-time yield of 542 g L day, demonstrating a great potential for the synthesis of dextromethorphan intermediate in industrial applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01079 | DOI Listing |
Clin Transl Sci
February 2025
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Tramadol, the 41st most prescribed drug in the United States in 2021 is a prodrug activated by CYP2D6, which is highly polymorphic. Previous studies showed enzyme-inhibitor affinity varied between different CYP2D6 allelic variants with dextromethorphan and atomoxetine metabolism. However, no study has compared tramadol metabolism in different CYP2D6 alleles with different CYP2D6 inhibitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Microbe
December 2024
Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection, and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany; Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address:
Background: The broad use of bedaquiline and pretomanid as the mainstay of new regimens to combat tuberculosis is a risk due to increasing bedaquiline resistance. We aimed to assess the safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of BTZ-043, a first-in-class DprE1 inhibitor with strong bactericidal activity in murine models.
Methods: This open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial was conducted in two specialised tuberculosis sites in Cape Town, South Africa.
Sci Transl Med
December 2024
Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Excessive deposition of fibrillar collagen in the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) of human lung tissue causes fibrosis, which can ultimately lead to organ failure. Despite our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, no cure for pulmonary fibrosis has yet been found. We screened a drug library and found that dextromethorphan (DXM), a cough expectorant, reduced the amount of excess fibrillar collagen deposited in the ECM in cultured primary human lung fibroblasts, a bleomycin mouse model, and a cultured human precision-cut lung slice model of lung fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacol Ther
November 2024
Clinical Pharmacology and Nonclinical Development, Mirati Therapeutics Inc. (A Bristol Myers Squib Company), San Diego, California, USA.
Adagrasib is a potent, highly selective, orally available, small molecule, covalent inhibitor of G12C mutated KRAS. As both a substrate and strong inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, adagrasib inhibits its own CYP3A4-mediated metabolism following multiple dosing, resulting in time-dependent drug-drug interaction (DDI) liabilities. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed and verified using a combination of physicochemical, in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) data from healthy volunteers and cancer patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrim Care Companion CNS Disord
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
To provide an updated summary of the literature on dextromethorphan quinidine for the treatment of agitation in dementia. PubMed, Medline, APA PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Collaboration were searched from inception to January 7, 2024 using the keywords , , and . The search was limited to the English language and human subjects.
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