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Nanoplastic Size and Surface Chemistry Dictate Decoration by Human Saliva Proteins. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Environmental pollution by plastic polymers is a widespread issue that results in the formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPPs) that can enter the human food chain.
  • The study investigated how different sizes and charges of polystyrene MNPPs interact with human saliva, focusing on the protein corona formation and its dependence on the MNPPs' physical properties.
  • Findings revealed that MNPP size and charge significantly influence the type and amount of proteins that attach to them, which could impact their behavior in the human body and their potential health effects.

Article Abstract

Environmental pollution with plastic polymers has become a global problem, leaving no continent and habitat unaffected. Plastic waste is broken down into smaller parts by environmental factors, which generate micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPPs), ultimately ending up in the human food chain. Before entering the human body, MNPPs make their first contact with saliva in the human mouth. However, it is unknown what proteins attach to plastic particles and whether such protein corona formation is affected by the particle's biophysical properties. To this end, we employed polystyrene MNPPs of two different sizes and three different charges and incubated them individually with saliva donated by healthy human volunteers. Particle zeta potential and size analyses were performed using dynamic light scattering complemented by nanoliquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (nLC/HRMS) to qualitatively and quantitatively reveal the protein soft and hard corona for each particle type. Notably, protein profiles and relative quantities were dictated by plastic particle size and charge, which in turn affected their hydrodynamic size, polydispersity, and zeta potential. Strikingly, we provide evidence of the latter to be dynamic processes depending on exposure times. Smaller particles seemed to be more reactive with the surrounding proteins, and cultures of the particles with five different cell lines (HeLa, HEK293, A549, HepG2, and HaCaT) indicated protein corona effects on cellular metabolic activity and genotoxicity. In summary, our data suggest nanoplastic size and surface chemistry dictate the decoration by human saliva proteins, with important implications for MNPP uptake in humans.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c00014DOI Listing

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