AI Article Synopsis

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing is being increasingly used in dentistry for producing restorations, thanks to its accuracy and cost-effectiveness, but the material properties can vary based on the printing orientation.
  • This study aimed to investigate how different printing orientations and the effects of artificial aging influence the hardness and indentation modulus of various 3D-printed dental resins.
  • Results showed that 90° printed specimens generally had the highest hardness at specific times, though after 90 days of aging, hardness levels across orientations were similar, with milled materials demonstrating superior hardness compared to certain 3D-printed resins.

Article Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate dental restorations due to its enhanced precision, consistency and time and cost-saving advantages. The properties of 3D-printed resin materials can be influenced by the chosen printing orientation which can impact the mechanical characteristics of the final products.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and artificial ageing on the Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (E) of 3D-printed definitive and temporary dental restorative resins.

Methods: Disk specimens (20 mm diameter × 2 mm height) were additively manufactured in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) using five 3D-printable resins: VarseoSmile Crownplus (VCP), Crowntec (CT), Nextdent C&B MFH (ND), Dima C&B temp (DT), and GC temp print (GC). The specimens were printed using a DLP 3D-printer (ASIGA MAX UV), while LavaTM Ultimate (LU) and Telio CAD (TC) served as milled control materials. Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (E) were tested both before and after storage in distilled water and artificial saliva for 1, 30, and 90 days at 37 °C.

Results: 90° printed specimens exhibited higher HM than the other orientations at certain time points, but no significant differences were observed in HM and E between orientations for all 3D-printed materials after 90 days of ageing in both aging media. LU milled control material exhibited the highest HM and E among the tested materials, while TC, the other milled control, showed similar values to the 3D printed resins. CT and VCP (definitive resins) and ND displayed higher Martens parameters compared to DT and GC (temporary resins). The hardness of the 3D-printed materials was significantly impacted by artificial ageing compared to the controls, with ND having the least hardness reduction percentage amongst all 3D-printed materials. The hardness reduction percentage in distilled water and artificial saliva was similar for all materials except for TC, where higher reduction was noted in artificial saliva.

Significance: The used 3D printed resins cannot yet be considered viable alternatives to milled materials intended for definitive restorations but are preferable for use as temporary restorations.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.005DOI Listing

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