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Clinical variables influencing the severity of diabetes ketoacidosis. | LitMetric

Clinical variables influencing the severity of diabetes ketoacidosis.

Saudi Med J

From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Published: May 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study aimed to assess clinical indicators for the severity of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • Data were collected from 156 T1DM patients aged 6 months to 14 years who experienced DKA in the emergency room between 2018 and 2022, focusing on demographics, clinical presentation, and DKA severity.
  • Results showed that DKA episodes were more common in males during middle childhood, occurred with seasonal patterns, and were more severe in those with lower economic status and early adolescence, with hypernatremia also noted in severe cases.

Article Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate clinical indicators in order to examine the intensity of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) episodes in children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: Data from 156 T1DM patients aged 6 months to 14 years, who presented with DKA to the emergency room, were retrospectively reviewed from 2018 to 2022. Data on demographic characteristics, economic status, initial clinical presentation, glycemic control, DKA severity, and laboratory evaluations were also collected.

Results: Diabetes ketoacidosis episodes were more prevalent among male patients during the middle childhood age group. Notably, these episodes displayed seasonal patterns. The severity was found to be inversely associated with economic status and positively correlated with early adolescence. Newly diagnosed T1DM patients constituted 52.9%, with a statistically significant connection observed between severe DKA and this subgroup. Furthermore, there was a significant escalation in poor glycemic control with episode severity. Prolonged episode duration also exhibited a statistically significant association with more severity. Gastrointestinal symptoms were commonly reported during the presentation. Moreover, several clinical signs and symptoms, including decreased consciousness, reduced activity, drowsiness, Kussmaul breathing, shortness of breath, vomiting, tachycardia, and severe dehydration, were significantly correlated with the severity of DKA (<0.05). Hypernatremia was more frequent among children with severe DKA.

Conclusion: Diabetes ketoacidosis was observed to occur more frequently among males in middle childhood with seasonal variations. Furthermore, the severity of DKA was associated with lower economic status, early adolescence, and the presence of hypernatremia.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147548PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2024.45.4.20240058DOI Listing

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