AI Article Synopsis
- * The erythropoietin (EPO) pathway, triggered by low oxygen levels, enhances the growth, survival, and maturation of these progenitor cells, while numerous factors—like transcription factors and cytokines—regulate this process.
- * By studying the irregularities in erythropoiesis linked to conditions such as anemia and cancer, researchers aim to understand the differences in red blood cell populations and develop gene therapies for blood-related diseases.
Article Abstract
Erythropoiesis is initiated with the transformation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into committed erythroid progenitor cells in the erythroblastic islands of the bone marrow in adults. These cells undergo several stages of differentiation, including erythroblast formation, normoblast formation, and finally, the expulsion of the nucleus to form mature red blood cells. The erythropoietin (EPO) pathway, which is activated by hypoxia, induces stimulation of the erythroid progenitor cells and the promotion of their proliferation and survival as well as maturation and hemoglobin synthesis. The regulation of erythropoiesis is a complex and dynamic interaction of a myriad of factors, such as transcription factors (GATA-1, STAT5), cytokines (IL-3, IL-6, IL-11), iron metabolism and cell cycle regulators. Multiple microRNAs are involved in erythropoiesis, mediating cell growth and development, regulating oxidative stress, erythrocyte maturation and differentiation, hemoglobin synthesis, transferrin function and iron homeostasis. This review aims to explore the physiology of steady-state erythropoiesis and to outline key mechanisms involved in ineffective erythropoiesis linked to anemia, chronic inflammation, stress, and hematological malignancies. Studying aberrations in erythropoiesis in various diseases allows a more in-depth understanding of the heterogeneity within erythroid populations and the development of gene therapies to treat hematological disorders.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11084473 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092585 | DOI Listing |
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- Recent progress in treating hematopoietic stem cell disorders emphasizes a 'target cell strategy,' suggesting a shift toward innovative treatments for thalassaemia that identify suitable candidates through risk stratification, highlighting its nature as a congenital HSC disorder.
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