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Early life exposure to mercury and relationships with telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content in European children. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are crucial biomarkers for assessing aging and oxidative stress; researchers hypothesized that exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) from fish would shorten TL and reduce mtDNAcn due to increased oxidative stress.
  • A study involving children aged 6-11 from six European countries measured prenatal and postnatal mercury levels and determined TL and mtDNAcn, while controlling for factors like lifestyle and fish consumption.
  • Results indicated that higher blood mercury levels were associated with longer TL, particularly during prenatal exposure, with significant variation based on concentration, while no changes in mtDNAcn were observed; further research is needed to understand these effects and their health implications.

Article Abstract

Background: Telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial function expressed as mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are biomarkers of aging and oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively. Methylmercury (MeHg), a common pollutant in fish, induces oxidative stress. We hypothesized that elevated oxidative stress from exposure to MeHg decreases mtDNAcn and shortens TL.

Methods: Study participants are 6-11-year-old children from the HELIX multi-center birth cohort study, comprising six European countries. Prenatal and postnatal total mercury (THg) concentrations were measured in blood samples, TL and mtDNAcn were determined in child DNA. Covariates and confounders were obtained by questionnaires. Robust regression models were run, considering sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates, as well as fish consumption. Sex, ethnicity, and fish consumption interaction models were also run.

Results: We found longer TL with higher pre- and postnatal THg blood concentrations, even at low-level THg exposure according to the RfD proposed by the US EPA. The prenatal association showed a significant linear relationship with a 3.46 % increase in TL for each unit increased THg. The postnatal association followed an inverted U-shaped marginal non-linear relationship with 1.38 % an increase in TL for each unit increased THg until reaching a cut-point at 0.96 μg/L blood THg, from which TL attrition was observed. Higher pre- and postnatal blood THg concentrations were consistently related to longer TL among cohorts and no modification effect of fish consumption nor children's sex was observed. No association between THg exposure and mtDNAcn was found.

Discussion: We found evidence that THg is associated with TL but the associations seem to be time- and concentration-dependent. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism behind the telomere changes of THg and related health effects.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173014DOI Listing

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