Thyroid cancer and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Multiple observational studies have shown associations between thyroid cancer (TC) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the results were inconsistent, and the potential causal genetic relationship remains unclear.

Methods: The genetic instruments of TC and CVDs were derived from data obtained through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We performed the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) methods to investigate the causality of TC on CVDs. Summary-level statistics for CVDs, including heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The primary method employed in this MR analysis was the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) approach, and four additional algorithms were used: MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Additionally, we assessed the reliability of the causal relationship through pleiotropy, heterogeneity and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.

Results: In this MR analysis, we only detected causality of genetically predicted TC on HF (IVW method, odds ratio (OR) = 1.00134, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00023-1.00244,  = 0.017). However, There were no causal associations of TC with CAD, MI, AF, IS, and VTE.

Conclusion: Our results confirmed the causal association between TC and HF. It is crucial to closely monitor the incidence of HF in TC patients and give comprehensive clinical intervention based on conventional treatment.