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Background: Although effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH), the prevalence of milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist, and it is associated with systemic and neuro-inflammatory processes that could impact other organ systems. However, the complex signaling mechanisms between the bone-kidney systems and the brain in HAND remain unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a potential role in inter-organ communication and are involved in regulating cell activity in distant tissues. In this study, we examined whether levels of EVs from bone-and kidney-related cells associate with cognitive dysfunction and explored the relationship between kidney-bone EV axis in PWH experiencing cognitive deficits.
Methods: EV subtypes were characterized in plasma from 61 PWH with either cognitive impairment (CI, = 53) or normal cognition (NC, = 8) based on the American Academy of Neurology criteria for HIV-associated dementia (HAD, = 11), minor cognitive motor disorder (MCMD, = 25) or asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI, = 17) by spectral flow cytometry. EVs were profiled with markers reflecting bone and kidney cell origin. A support vector machine learning-based model was employed for analyses of EV phenotypes to predict the cognitive dysfunction.
Results: Plasma-EVs expressing osteocalcin, sclerostin, and nephrin were significantly higher in the cognitive impairment group compared to the normal cognition group. EVs bearing kidney cell markers correlated significantly with bone-derived EVs. A machine learning-based model, comprised of osteocalcin+, nephrin+, and CD24+ EVs predicted cognitive impairment in PWH on ART.
Conclusion: Our study reveals that neurocognitive impairment in PWH is associated with increased levels of plasma EVs enriched with the bone markers osteocalcin and sclerostin and the kidney marker nephrin, suggesting that these EV subtypes may be novel candidate biomarkers for disease-spanning neurocognitive dysfunction. Moreover, the relationship between bone-derived EVs with kidney-derived EVs may suggest their role in mediating inter-organ crosstalk in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1383227 | DOI Listing |
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and its prodromal presentation with mild cognitive impairment is characterized by prominent deficits in attention/executive domains and in visual processing abilities with relative sparing of memory. Neuropsychological research is continuously refining the tools to define more in detail the patterns of relatively preserved and impaired cognitive abilities that help differential diagnosis between DLB and Alzheimer disease (AD). This review summarizes the main studies exploring specific cognitive tasks investigating different visual processing abilities and verbal memory that better differentiate DLB from AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Clin Pract
February 2025
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (JS, AV); Center for Health and Technology (CHeT) (JS, JW, AV, SJR, CE, AA, CZ, CRH), University of Rochester; University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine (SJR); Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine (AA); Department of Biostatistics and Neurology (ND), University of Rochester; Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education Program (AD-CARE) (AM, SS-S, EJS), University of Rochester; and Department of Neurology (CRH), University of Rochester.
Background And Objectives: In preparation for future clinical trials involving individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, it is important to ascertain the widespread impact of symptoms from the direct perspectives of patients and caregivers. In this study, we performed cross-sectional surveys using large-scale patient and caregiver data to identify the prevalence and average impact of symptoms and symptomatic themes experienced by adults with AD, MCI, and dementia. Subsequent analyses were used to determine which demographic and disease-specific factors are associated with more severe disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeurologicalSci
March 2025
Department of Cognitive Neurology, Fleni, Montañeses 2325 (C1428AQK), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Background: This systematic review analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on dementia patients' functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health related outcomes. It hypothesizes that dementia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2experience more pronounced deterioration compared to those who are uninfected.
Methods: Research from 01/03/2020 to 07/10/2023 was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and adhering to PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework.
Front Neurol
December 2024
Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Brain Institute, Zhengzhou, China.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder primarily affecting motor control, clinically characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and other symptoms that significantly diminish the quality of life. Currently, available treatments only alleviate symptoms without halting or delaying disease progression. There is a significant association between PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), possibly due to shared pathological mechanisms such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
December 2024
Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), a ubiquitous process essential for maintaining protein homeostasis in eukaryotes, acts as a critical surveillance system for protein translation. By identifying and eliminating stalled ribosomes, RQC prevents aberrant translation and the production of potentially toxic misfolded proteins. The review focuses on the role of RQC in mammals, where its complete functionality remains to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!