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Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Background: People from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to smoke and less likely to succeed in achieving abstinence, making tobacco smoking a leading driver of health inequalities. Contextual factors affecting subpopulations may moderate the efficacy of individual-level smoking cessation interventions. It is not known whether any intervention performs differently across socioeconomically-diverse populations and contexts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMapping decision-making pathways: Determination of intervention entry points for diagnostic tests in suspected serious infection.
NIHR Open Res
January 2025
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7BE, UK.
Background: PROTECT ( Platform Randomised evaluation of clinical Outcomes using novel TEChnologies to optimise antimicrobial Therapy) has brought together a team of researchers to design a platform trial to rapidly evaluate and adopt into care multiple diagnostic technologies, bringing immediate benefit to patients. Rapid diagnostic tests will be used to identify patients at risk of deterioration from severe infection, before they become critically unwell. The platform will assess their comparative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness relative to current standard of care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRoutine use of genetic data in healthcare is much-discussed, yet little is known about its performance in epidemiological models including traditional risk factors. Using severe COVID-19 as an exemplar, we explore the integration of polygenic risk scores (PRS) into disease models alongside sociodemographic and clinical variables. PRS were optimized for 23 clinical variables and related traits previously-associated with severe COVID-19 in up to 450,449 UK Biobank participants, and tested in 9,560 individuals diagnosed in the pre-vaccination era.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMature-Aged People in the Rural Health Workforce System: A Systems Modelling Approach.
Aust J Rural Health
February 2025
Primary Care Connect, Shepparton, Australia.
Objective: The median age of people in rural areas is older than those living in metropolitan areas. Harnessing the potential of the mature-aged population in rural communities may present a uniquely sustainable approach to strengthening the rural health workforce system. The objective of this study was to map the rural health workforce system in Australia and identify the current and potential role of mature-aged people in the workforce system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterventions for quitting vaping.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Rationale: There is limited guidance on the best ways to stop using nicotine-containing vapes (otherwise known as e-cigarettes) and ensure long-term abstinence, whilst minimising the risk of tobacco smoking and other unintended consequences. Treatments could include pharmacological interventions, behavioural interventions, or both.
Objectives: To conduct a living systematic review assessing the benefits and harms of interventions to help people stop vaping compared to each other or to placebo or no intervention.
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