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| http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-23-1819 | DOI Listing |
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The Integral Theory, Pelvic Floor Biomechanics, and Binary Innervation.
Int Neurourol J
September 2024
Department of Urology, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
The pelvic floor biomechanics and sphincter functioning are essential for understanding pelvic floor dysfunction and the pathophysiology of the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor consists of muscles, fascial connections and ligaments. The Integral Theory Paradigm (ITP) explains the musculoskeletal entity of the sphincter mechanism and the pathophysiology of pelvic organ function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPubourethral and uterosacral male analogues suggest parallel male/female pelvic anatomy and symptom pathogenesis.
Ann Transl Med
April 2024
Pelvic Reconstructive Surgeon (Retired), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
The thesis that functional/dysfunctional male/female pelvic floor anatomy are parallel, originated from two studies: a successful retropubic perineal male sling for post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and discovery of a male uterosacral ligament (USL) analogue, we named "prostatosacral ligament" (PSL). In 25 out of the studied 27 males (92.6%), it starts on both sides of the median sulcus of the prostate the ligament passes lateral to the rectum being fused with the lateral margin of the mesorectum before leaving it as it thins out to be attached posteriorly similar to the USL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrinciples of surgery according to the Integral Theory Paradigm (ITP).
Ann Transl Med
April 2024
LUNA Pelvic Floor Total Support Clinic, Women's Clinic LUNA Group, Yokohama, Japan.
A core concept of the Integral Theory System is that "ligaments are for structure; vagina is for function". The vagina and uterus should be conserved. Because the vagina is an organ, its collagen and elastin, which are so necessary for its function, cannot regenerate once they are removed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA brief physiology and pathophysiology of the anorectum based on the Integral Theory paradigm.
Ann Transl Med
April 2024
Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
The remit of this review is confined to the experimental scientific works and surgeries based on the Integral Theory paradigm. The video abstract summarizes the anorectal function, how ligaments cause dysfunction and cure of fecal incontinence and obstructed defecation by ligament repair. Anorectal function is reflex and binary, with cortical and peripheral components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA brief physiology and pathophysiology of the bladder.
Ann Transl Med
April 2024
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
The remit of this review is confined to experimental works and publications relevant to the integral theory of female urinary incontinence (IT). Since its first publication in 1990, the IT has challenged the general view that the pathogenesis of overactive bladder (OAB) (urge, frequency, nocturia) is unknown and there is no cure. According to the IT, normal function bladder control is binary, either closed or open.
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