and Variants of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among Jordanian Women.

Objectives: The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome (MS) remains debatable. The current study aimed to determine the correlation of VDR gene polymorphisms with MS among Jordanian women.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled 100 women with MS and 100 age-matched women as control at Al-Hikma Modern Hospital in Jordan between January 2019 and January 2020. The levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined from serum samples of all participants. DNA was extracted from whole blood samples, and VDR gene polymorphisms , , , and were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results: There was a significant difference between MS patients and control in terms of body mass index (34.3±3.1 vs. 28.1±2.5), glycated hemoglobin (5.9±1.1 vs. 4.6±1.2), fasting blood glucose (6.4±1.6 vs. 5.2±1.4), and total cholesterol (6.5±1.2 vs. 5.3±1.8). The results also demonstrated a statistical difference in the number of MS patients and control with 25(OH)D deficiency (69.0 vs. 33.0), 25(OH)D insufficiency (25.0 vs. 42.0), and 25(OH)D sufficiency (6.0 vs. 25.0) ( < 0.001). MS was significantly associated with VDR polymorphisms among and genes. The genotype distribution for CC (47.0% vs. 53.0%; = 0.002) and CA (37.0% vs. 45.0%; = 0.001) genotypes among Apa1 VDR polymorphism, as well as among TT genotype (38.0% vs. 20.0%; = 0.025) among VDR gene polymorphism significantly differed between MS patients and healthy individuals. However, no associations were detected among and VDR genotypes.

Conclusions: VDR gene polymorphism of and variants may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome among Jordanian women.