The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. However, the widespread use of antibiotics has raised concerns about its impact on the microbial ecosystem. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between antibiotics and gut dysbiosis, highlighting the mechanisms underlying these interactions and their implications for human health. Antibiotics, while invaluable in treating infections, disrupt the gut microbiota by indiscriminately targeting both harmful and beneficial microorganisms. This disturbance leads to a reduction in microbial diversity, altered metabolite production, and compromised immune responses, resulting in a state referred to as dysbiosis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics tend to induce more severe dysbiosis compared to narrow-spectrum agents. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis has been linked to the onset and progression of these disorders, emphasizing the far-reaching consequences of microbial imbalance. The review highlights various strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of antibiotics on gut health, like probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and phage therapy, as promising approaches to restore and maintain a balanced gut microbiota. : Ramakrishna BS, Patankar R. Antibiotic-associated Gut Dysbiosis. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(11):62-68.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.59556/japi.71.0381 | DOI Listing |
Am J Pathol
December 2024
International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China. Electronic address:
The gut microbiota plays a crucial regulatory role in various physiological processes, yet its impact on corneal homeostasis remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate the effects of antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis (AIGD) and germ-free (GF) conditions on circadian gene expression, barrier integrity, nerve density, and immune cell activity in the corneas of mice. Through RNA sequencing, we found that both AIGD and GF conditions significantly disrupted the overall transcriptomic profile and circadian transcriptomic oscillations in the cornea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Res
December 2024
UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Electronic address:
Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510006, China. Electronic address:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease marked by gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from probiotic bacteria have been shown to regulate microbial composition and metabolism, but their role in promoting probiotic growth and alleviating inflammation in UC remains unclear. Here, we investigate BLEPS-1, a novel EPS derived from Bifidobacterium longum subsp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Rheumatol Rep
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Purpose Of Review: The canonical pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves inflammation driven by HLA-B27, type 3 immunity, and gut microbial dysregulation. This review based on information presented at the SPARTAN meeting highlights studies on the pathogenesis of SpA from the past year, focusing on emerging mechanisms such as the roles of microbe-derived metabolites, microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines in plasma exosomes, specific T cell subsets, and neutrophils.
Recent Findings: The induction of arthritis in a preclinical model through microbiota-driven alterations in tryptophan catabolism provides new insights as to how intestinal dysbiosis may activate disease via the gut-joint axis.
Am J Pathol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia; Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Electronic address:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly malignant carcinoma of bile duct epithelial cells with a poor prognosis. The major risk factors of CCA carcinogenesis and progression are cholestatic liver diseases. The key feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis is chronic cholestasis, which means a slowdown of hepatocyte secretion of biliary lipids and metabolites into bile as well as a slowdown of enterohepatic circulation (bile acid recirculation) of bile acids with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, which was shown to lead to enterohepatic recirculation and an increase of toxic secondary bile acids.
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