RNA sequencing analysis reveals as the key regulator in response to methyl jasmonate-induced saponin accumulation in .

A. DC, known for its saponin content, can potentially prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases and COVID-19. Triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in plants is enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of MeJA-induced saponin biosynthesis remain unknown in . In the current study, exogenous application of 100 μmol/l MeJA was identified to be optimal for promoting saponin accumulation. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated the gene as a key regulatory factor responding to MeJA during saponin accumulation. Overexpression of in increased saponin content, while silencing of significantly inhibited saponin synthesis, suggesting that acts as a positive regulator of saponin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that directly bound to the promoters of and to activate gene expression. and transformation promoted saponin accumulation, while silencing of these genes inhibited saponin biosynthesis. This study determined that MeJA promoted saponin accumulation in by inducing gene expression and activating downstream genes ( and ) involved in saponin biosynthesis. In conclusion, a complex regulatory network governing saponin biosynthesis following MeJA treatment was elucidated, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing saponin content and biosynthesis efficacy in