Upper-limb neurovascular compression, pectoralis minor and quadrilateral space syndromes: A narrative review of current literature.

Semin Vasc Surg

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Burnett-Womack Building, 160 Dental Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514. Electronic address:

Published: March 2024

Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) and quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) are uncommon neurovascular compression disorders affecting the upper extremity. PMS involves compression under the pectoralis minor muscle, and QSS results from compression in the quadrilateral space-both are classically observed in overhead-motion athletes. Diagnosing PMS and QSS may be challenging due to variable presentations and similarities with other, more common, upper-limb pathologies. Although there is no gold standard diagnostic, local analgesic muscle-block response in a patient with the appropriate clinical context is often all that is required for an accurate diagnosis after excluding more common etiologies. Treatment ranges from conservative physical therapy to decompressive surgery, which is reserved for refractory cases or severe, acute vascular presentations. Decompression generally yields favorable outcomes, with most patients experiencing significant relief and restored baseline function. In conclusion, PMS and QSS, although rare, can cause debilitating upper-extremity symptoms; accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment offer excellent outcomes, alleviating pain and disability.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2024.02.004DOI Listing

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