Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have emerged as very promising membranes for automotive applications because of their notable proton conductivity at low temperatures. These membranes find extensive utilization in fuel cells. Several polymeric materials have been used, but their application is constrained by their expense and intricate synthetic processes. Affordable and efficient synthetic methods for polymeric materials are necessary for the widespread commercial use of PEM technology. The polymeric combination of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4-diamino-2,2-biphenyldisulfonic acid facilitated the synthesis of PP-(PhSOH), a polyphosphazene with built-in -SOH moieties. Characterization revealed that it was a porous organic polymer with high stability. PP-(PhSOH) exhibited a proton conductivity of up to 8.24 × 10 S cm (SD = ±0.031) at 353 K under 98% relative humidity (RH), which was more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of its -SOH-free analogue, PP-(Ph) (2.32 × 10 S cm) (SD = ±0.019) under identical conditions. Therefore, for application in a PEM fuel cell, PP-(PhSOH)-based matrix-mixed membranes (PP-(PhSOH)-MMMs) were fabricated by mixing them with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in various ratios. The proton conductivity could reach up to 6.11 × 10 S cm (SD = ±0.0048) at 353 K and 98%RH, when the weight ratio of PP-(PhSOH) : PAN was 3 : 1, the value of which was comparable with those of commercially available electrolytes used in PEM fuel cells. PP-(PhSOH)-MMM (3 : 1) had an extended lifetime of reusability. Using phosphazene and bisulfonated multiple-amine modules as precursors, we demonstrated that a porous organic polymer with a highly effective proton-conductive matrix-mixed membrane for PEM fuel cells could be produced readily by an intuitive polymeric reaction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07094h | DOI Listing |
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
The one-dimensional nanomaterials known as nanofibers have remarkable qualities, such as large surface areas, adjustable porosity, and superior mechanical strength. Ionomers, types of polymers, have ionic functional groups that give them special properties, including high mechanical strength, water absorption capacity, and ionic conductivity. Integrating ionomers and nanofibers with diverse materials and advanced methodologies has been shown to improve the mechanical strength, processing capacity, and multifunctional attributes of ionomeric nanofibers.
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December 2024
Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
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December 2024
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, IAAB, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
The production of green hydrogen through proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology for industry decarbonization, outperforming alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). However, PEMWE requires significant investment, which can be mitigated through material and design advancements. Components like bipolar porous plates (BPPs) and porous transport films (PTFs) contribute substantially to costs and performance.
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