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Article Synopsis
  • The review analyzes the effectiveness of new antiemetic medications versus traditional ones for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients undergoing moderate or highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
  • It finds that novel agents like netupitant/palonosetron and olanzapine are at least as effective, if not better, than standard antiemetic treatments that use aprepitant and other agents.
  • The study calls for more direct comparisons and larger trials to further understand the benefits of these new therapies in everyday clinical practice.
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Article Synopsis
  • Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that helps prevent nausea and vomiting, particularly after highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), but it can cause side effects like hyperglycemia and drowsiness.
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of olanzapine combined with standard triplet antiemetic therapy compared to triplet therapy alone, focusing on outcomes like nausea control and adverse effects.
  • Results showed that adding olanzapine significantly improved nausea and vomiting prevention in both acute and delayed phases with minimal adverse effects, indicating it can be beneficial for patients undergoing HEC.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to compare multiple antiemetic treatments, analyzing data from 16 randomized controlled trials involving over 3,000 patients.
  • * Results indicate that NK1 antagonists combined with ondansetron are the most effective option for preventing CINV in children, particularly when given with dexamethasone, while olanzapine also shows significant benefits when added to certain regimens.
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Olanzapine combined with the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, palonosetron and dexamethasone is the standard treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) due to highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). However, the use of olanzapine poses challenges in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the potential risk of hyperglycemia. ME2136, antipsychotic similar to olanzapine, is associated with a lower risk of hyperglycemia.

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Comparison of olanzapine 2.5 mg and 5 mg in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Japanese nationwide database study.

Int J Clin Oncol

November 2024

Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Olanzapine is used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in lung cancer patients, with doses of 2.5 mg and 5 mg being compared for effectiveness.
  • A study analyzed data from a national database, focusing on patients receiving these doses during high-emetogenic chemotherapy and assessing factors like additional antiemetic drugs, hospital stay length, and costs.
  • Results showed that the 2.5 mg dose led to more patients needing extra antiemetic drugs compared to the 5 mg dose, while hospitalization length and costs were similar for both doses.
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