Purpose: Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mouse models of AD and postmortem biopsy of patients with AD reveal retinal glial activation comparable to central nervous system immunoreactivity. We hypothesized that the surface area of putative retinal gliosis observed in vivo using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging will be larger in patients with preclinical AD versus controls.
Methods: The Spectralis II instrument was used to acquire macular centered 20 × 20 and 30 × 25-degrees spectral domain OCT images of 76 participants (132 eyes). A cohort of 22 patients with preclinical AD (40 eyes, mean age = 69 years, range = 60-80 years) and 20 control participants (32 eyes, mean age = 66 years, range = 58-82 years, P = 0.11) were included for the assessment of difference in surface area of putative retinal gliosis and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The surface area of putative retinal gliosis and RNFL thickness for the nine sectors of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) map were compared between groups using generalized linear mixed models.
Results: The surface area of putative retinal gliosis was significantly greater in the preclinical AD group (0.97 ± 0.55 mm2) compared to controls (0.68 ± 0.40 mm2); F(1,70) = 4.41, P = 0.039; Cohen's d = 0.61. There was no significant difference between groups for RNFL thickness in the 9 ETDRS sectors, P > 0.05.
Conclusions: Our analysis shows greater putative retinal gliosis in preclinical AD compared to controls. This demonstrates putative retinal gliosis as a potential biomarker for AD-related neuroinflammation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.65.5.5 | DOI Listing |
Behav Res Methods
December 2024
Lund University Humanities Lab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Irrespective of the precision, the inaccuracy of a pupil-based eye tracker is about 0.5 . This paper delves into two factors that potentially increase the inaccuracy of the gaze signal, namely, 1) Pupil-size changes and the pupil-size artefact (PSA) and 2) the putative inability of experienced individuals to precisely refixate a visual target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
December 2024
PSI Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland.
Channelrhodopsins, light-gated cation channels, enable precise control of neural cell depolarization or hyperpolarization with light in the field of optogenetics. This study integrates time-resolved serial crystallography and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to resolve the structural changes during C1C2 channelrhodopsin activation. Our observations reveal that within the crystal environment, C1C2 predominantly remains in a light-activated state with characteristics of the M intermediate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Genet Genomic Med
December 2024
University of Cape Town/MRC Precision and Genomic Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders affecting millions worldwide. Despite the widespread adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, there remains a critical gap in the genetically diverse and understudied African populations.
Methods: One hundred and thirty-five South African patients affected by various IRDs underwent NGS using a custom-targeted panel sequencing over 100 known genes.
Development
December 2024
Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5690 Boul. Rosemont, Montreal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada.
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