Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, St Andrea University Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Published: July 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Introduction: The classic paradigm for the management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) consists of (chemo)radiotherapy (C)RT), total mesorectal excision, and adjuvant chemotherapy (CHT). At present, due to the high rate of distant metastasis (up to 30%), the total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with the administration of systemic CHT in the neoadjuvant setting has gained acceptance as standard of care.Our aim is to critically review the current literature on LARC management and summarize the different approaches recently proposed to improve clinical outcomes. It represents a starting step to develop an effective strategy that ultimately could harmonize the standard of care in daily clinical practice.
Areas Covered: Studies reporting the impact of TNT approaches were deemed eligible. De-escalation strategies, including non-operative management (NOM) after TNT, as well as RT omission or systemic therapy alone, were also investigated.
Expert Opinion: The year 2020 has seen promising new data from randomized phase III trials in the field of LARC management. Nowadays, TNT strategy has been accepted as the primary treatment for LARC. The role of de-escalation strategies is still unknown. The goal is to achieve better survival outcomes with improving quality of life. Only selected patients are likely to benefit from NOM or immunotherapy alone.
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the formation of benign tumors in various organs, particularly in the central nervous system. We aimed to delineate the molecular profile of Turkish individuals diagnosed with TSC by analyzing the TSC1 and TSC2 genes using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sophia Genetics' Sophia Inherited Disease Panel was used to perform NGS on 22 individuals diagnosed with TSC and to identify pathogenic variants in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes.
In the past, unsanitary landfills were a common method for municipal solid waste disposal in developing countries. Although many nations have closed these landfills, the environmental pollution risks and impacts persist. This study introduces a new multi-criteria risk assessment framework specifically designed for closed, unsanitary landfills.
Machine learning has been increasingly used to solve management problems of water distribution networks (WDNs). A critical research gap, however, remains in the effective incorporation of WDN hydraulic characteristics in machine learning. Here we present a new water distribution network embedding (WDNE) method that transforms the hydraulic relationships of WDN topology into a vector form to be best suited for machine learning algorithms.
The identification of source in potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in watershed soils is crucial for environmental management. This study addresses the knowledge gap in understanding the combined influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the spatial pattern of lead (Pb) in the surface soil of the Nanliu River Basin. The main objective was to identify and quantify these influences using an integrated approach of ANOVA, correlation analysis, IDW interpolation, and Local Moran's I.
Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India. Electronic address:
The release of toxic chemical dyes from the industrial effluent poses huge challenges for the environmental engineers to treat it. Azo dyes encompass the huge part of textile discharges which are difficult to degrade due to their complex chemical aromatic structures and due to the presence of strong bonds (-N=N-). Thus, the removal of a carcinogenic azo dye (i.
