In-Depth Characterization of Genes in the Context of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in ssp. .

Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the genomic characterization of genes and their involvement in the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These studies have provided valuable insights into the coordinated cellular response to ER stress, which is mediated by transcription factors (TFs). However, a comprehensive and systematic investigations regarding the role of genes and their involvement in ER stress response in pak choi is currently lacking in the existing literature. To address this knowledge gap, the current study was initiated to elucidate the genomic characteristics of genes, gain insight into their expression patterns during ER stress in pak choi, and investigate the protein-to-protein interaction of genes with the ER chaperone BiP. In total, 112 members of the genes were identified through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Based on an analysis of sequence similarity, gene structure, conserved domains, and responsive motifs, the identified genes were categorized into 10 distinct subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Chromosomal location and duplication events provided insight into their genomic context and evolutionary history. Divergence analysis estimated their evolutionary history with a predicted divergence time ranging from 0.73 to 80.71 million years ago (MYA). Promoter regions of the genes were discovered to exhibit a wide variety of -elements, including light, hormone, and stress-responsive elements. GO enrichment analysis further confirmed their roles in the ER unfolded protein response (UPR), while co-expression network analysis showed a strong relationship of genes with ER-stress-responsive genes. Moreover, gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction with ER chaperone further confirmed their roles and capacity to respond to ER stress in pak choi.