AI Article Synopsis
- * A review of 22 studies indicated that while some EVs can promote a T helper type 2 (Th2) response linked to allergic reactions, others may support a Th1 or regulatory T cell (Treg) response, showcasing their complex role.
- * EVs contribute to allergic sensitization by increasing pro-Th2 cytokines, but they can also induce tolerance, suggesting a dual function in the immune response toward allergens; more research is essential for understanding their impact in humans.
Article Abstract
Allergies affect approximately 10-30% of people worldwide, with an increasing number of cases each year; however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to play a role in allergic sensitization and skew to a T helper type 2 (Th2) response. The aim of this review is to highlight the existing evidence of EV involvement in allergies. A total of 22 studies were reviewed; 12 studies showed EVs can influence a Th2 response, while 10 studies found EVs promoted a Th1 or Treg response. EVs can drive allergic sensitization through up-regulation of pro-Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, EVs from MRSA can induce IgE hypersensitivity in mice towards MRSA. On the other hand, EVs can induce tolerance in the immune system; for example, pre-exposing OVA-loaded EVs prevented OVA sensitization in mice. The current literature thus suggests that EVs play an essential role in allergy. Further research utilizing human in vitro models and clinical studies is needed to give a reliable account of the role of EVs in allergy.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11049870 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084492 | DOI Listing |
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