AI Article Synopsis
- Pyramidal neurons are crucial for cognitive functions in the neocortex, often described as simple point processors but actually integrating input in their apical dendrites, which enhances their contextual sensitivity.
- Impairments in these integration mechanisms are linked to three major neurodevelopmental disabilities: fragile X, Down syndrome, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
- Understanding these mechanisms could lead to new therapies for learning disabilities that are currently not available.
Article Abstract
Pyramidal neurons have a pivotal role in the cognitive capabilities of neocortex. Though they have been predominantly modeled as integrate-and-fire point processors, many of them have another point of input integration in their apical dendrites that is central to mechanisms endowing them with the sensitivity to context that underlies basic cognitive capabilities. Here we review evidence implicating impairments of those mechanisms in three major neurodevelopmental disabilities, fragile X, Down syndrome, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Multiple dysfunctions of the mechanisms by which pyramidal cells are sensitive to context are found to be implicated in all three syndromes. Further deciphering of these cellular mechanisms would lead to the understanding of and therapies for learning disabilities beyond any that are currently available.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105688 | DOI Listing |
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