Spontaneous, unwilled subjective imagery and symbols (including dreams) often emerge in psychotherapy that can appear baffling and confound interpretation. Early psychoanalytic theories seemed to diverge as often as they agreed on the meaning of such content. Nevertheless, after reviewing key findings in the empirical science of spontaneous thought as well as insights gleaned from neuroscience and especially embodied cognition, it is now possible to construct a more coherent theory of interpretation that is clinically useful. Given that thought is so thoroughly embodied, it is possible to demonstrate that universalities in human physiology yield universalities in thought. Such universalities can then be demonstrated to form a kind of biologically directed universal "code" for understanding spontaneous symbolic expressions that emerge in psychotherapy. An example is given that illustrates how this can be applied to clinical encounters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14040319 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
The Fe-N-C catalyst, featuring a single-atom Fe-N configuration, is regarded as one of the most promising catalytic materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the significant activity difference under acidic and alkaline conditions of Fe-N-C remains a long-standing puzzle. In this work, using extensive ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we revealed that pH conditions influence ORR activity by tuning the surface charge density of the Fe-N-C surface, rather than through the direct involvement of HO or OH ions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPNAS Nexus
January 2025
Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
Understanding the relation between cortical neuronal network structure and neuronal activity is a fundamental unresolved question in neuroscience, with implications to our understanding of the mechanism by which neuronal networks evolve over time, spontaneously or under stimulation. It requires a method for inferring the structure and composition of a network from neuronal activities. Tracking the evolution of networks and their changing functionality will provide invaluable insight into the occurrence of plasticity and the underlying learning process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Hunan University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South Lushan Road 2#, 410082, China, 410082, Changsha, CHINA.
Renewable electricity-driven electrochemical reduction of CO2 offers a promising route for production of high-value ethanol. However, the current state of this technology is hindered by low selectivity and productivity, primarily due to limited understanding of the atomic-level active sites involved in ethanol formation. Herein, we identify that the interfacial oxygen vacancy-neighboring Cu (Ov-Cu) pair sites are the active sites for CO2 electroreduction to ethanol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
January 2025
Research Group Neurobiology of Flight Control, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, 53175 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address:
Approaching threats are perceived through visual looming, a rapid expansion of an image on the retina. Visual looming triggers defensive responses such as freezing, flight, turning, or take-off in a wide variety of organisms, from mice to fish to insects. In response to looming, flies perform rapid evasive turns known as saccades.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Cell
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. Electronic address:
Thyroid gland which is responsible for the maintenance of metabolism and growth is derived from thyroglossal duct, an outpocketing of foregut. The microscopic study of thyroid gland during development in first, second and third trimesters has utmost significance to understand the several developmental thyroid disorders metabolically and structurally. This study is descriptive observational study carried in tissue sections taken from thyroid gland of still birth and spontaneously aborted human fetuses of first, second and third trimester.
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