Unraveling the molecular dynamics of biofilms at the air-liquid interface.

The aim of this study was to probe the dynamics of PA14 air-liquid interface (ALI) biofilms over time through global proteomic analysis. PA14 ALI biofilm samples, collected over 48-144 h, underwent differential expression analysis to identify varying proteins at each time point. A consistent set of 778 proteins was identified, with variable expression over time. Upregulated proteins were mainly linked to 'amino acid transport and metabolism'. Biofilm-related pathways, including cAMP/Vfr and QS, underwent significant changes. Flagella were more influential than pili, especially in early biofilm development. Proteins associated with virulence, transporters and iron showed differential expression throughout. The findings enhance our understanding of ALI biofilm development.