Wnt Signaling Inhibition Prevents Postnatal Inflammation and Disease Progression in Mouse Congenital Myxomatous Valve Disease.

Background: Myxomatous valve disease (MVD) is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation, leading to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. MVD in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome includes valve leaflet thickening and progressive valve degeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the disease progresses remain undefined.

Methods: Mice with gene variant recapitulate histopathologic features of Marfan syndrome, and Wnt (Wingless-related integration site) signaling activity was detected in (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-β-galactosidase) reporter mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed from mitral valves of wild-type and mice at 1 month of age. Inhibition of Wnt signaling was achieved by conditional induction of the secreted Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 (Dickkopf-1) expression in periostin-expressing valve interstitial cells of -Cre; mice. Dietary doxycycline was administered for 1 month beginning with MVD initiation (1-month-old) or MVD progression (2-month-old). Histological evaluation and immunofluorescence for ECM (extracellular matrix) and immune cells were performed.

Results: Wnt signaling is activated early in mitral valve disease progression, before immune cell infiltration in mice. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed similar mitral valve cell heterogeneity between wild-type and mice at 1 month of age. Wnt pathway genes were predominantly expressed in valve interstitial cells and valve endothelial cells of mice. Inhibition of Wnt signaling in mice at 1 month of age prevented the initiation of MVD as indicated by improved ECM remodeling and reduced valve leaflet thickness with decreased infiltrating macrophages. However, later, Wnt inhibition starting at 2 months did not prevent the progression of MVD.

Conclusions: Wnt signaling is involved in the initiation of mitral valve abnormalities and inflammation but is not responsible for later-stage valve disease progression once it has been initiated. Thus, Wnt signaling contributes to MVD progression in a time-dependent manner and provides a promising therapeutic target for the early treatment of congenital MVD in Marfan syndrome.