Torsion of the inferior vena cava: An unprecedented variant of post-pneumonectomy syndrome.

Post-pneumonectomy syndrome (PPS) is a rare complication after pneumonectomy defined by mediastinum shift toward the vacated pleural space with compression of the distal trachea or mainstem bronchi, resulting in dyspnea. This report describes a 32-year-old woman who presents with limiting symptoms of progressive dyspnea and chest pain 2 years after a right pneumonectomy. In computed tomography scan, there was no evidence of airway compression but suggested torsion of the inferior vena cava with preload compromise, confirmed during the surgical mediastinum repositioning using a transesophageal echocardiography-guided approach. This case report presents this unprecedented variant of PPS syndrome, highlighting the diagnostic and peri-operative management challenges.