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An accurate and rapidly calibrating speech neuroprosthesis. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Brain-computer interfaces help people with paralysis communicate by converting their brain activity related to speech into text on a screen.
  • A man with ALS participated in a clinical trial and had microelectrodes implanted in his brain, allowing the system to decode his neural activity as he tried to speak.
  • After minimal training, the device demonstrated high accuracy in translating his attempts into speech, enabling him to engage in natural conversations for over 248 hours.

Article Abstract

Brain-computer interfaces can enable rapid, intuitive communication for people with paralysis by transforming the cortical activity associated with attempted speech into text on a computer screen. Despite recent advances, communication with brain-computer interfaces has been restricted by extensive training data requirements and inaccurate word output. A man in his 40's with ALS with tetraparesis and severe dysarthria (ALSFRS-R = 23) was enrolled into the BrainGate2 clinical trial. He underwent surgical implantation of four microelectrode arrays into his left precentral gyrus, which recorded neural activity from 256 intracortical electrodes. We report a speech neuroprosthesis that decoded his neural activity as he attempted to speak in both prompted and unstructured conversational settings. Decoded words were displayed on a screen, then vocalized using text-to-speech software designed to sound like his pre-ALS voice. On the first day of system use, following 30 minutes of attempted speech training data, the neuroprosthesis achieved 99.6% accuracy with a 50-word vocabulary. On the second day, the size of the possible output vocabulary increased to 125,000 words, and, after 1.4 additional hours of training data, the neuroprosthesis achieved 90.2% accuracy. With further training data, the neuroprosthesis sustained 97.5% accuracy beyond eight months after surgical implantation. The participant has used the neuroprosthesis to communicate in self-paced conversations for over 248 hours. In an individual with ALS and severe dysarthria, an intracortical speech neuroprosthesis reached a level of performance suitable to restore naturalistic communication after a brief training period.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11030484PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.26.23300110DOI Listing

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