The development of programming skills and computational thinking in the formal educational context is one of the most recent horizons set by many educational systems worldwide. Although the first computational thinking initiatives are being applied from the earliest school ages, this research focuses on the secondary education level. Specifically, the objective is the following: to analyse the implementation of Arduino, as well as the benefits and opportunities it brings to secondary school students. For this purpose, documentary research has been undertaken applying a systematic review according to the PRISMA 2020 framework following the PiCoS strategy. Atlas.ti 9 was used to analyse the information. Out of 316 papers identified, 37 were included in the research. In relation to the results, Arduino is primarily used in technology and physics subjects, although it is also used to develop interdisciplinary STEAM projects. As a rule, it is used to learn programming languages, but likewise as a resource to develop science experiments. LED lights, servomotors and breadboards are among the most commonly used resources together with the Arduino board. and Scratch was the most widely used software. The initiatives implemented have yielded both positive and negative results, for example, one drawback is that some projects are very difficult, and some achievements such as: increased motivation towards the contents addressed or also the development of some soft skills, such as problem solving.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29177 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
General Surgery, Whipps Cross University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
Intra-abdominal lymphangioma, a rare benign lymphatic malformation resulting from an obstruction to lymphatic channels, often has non-specific clinical manifestations. Low incidence rates of this condition, paired with its unusual presentation and ambiguous radiological appearance, commonly lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This pathology can result in significant morbidity and mortality, emphasising the need to achieve early diagnosis and management despite these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Life Rev
January 2025
Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
The pursuit of artificial consciousness requires conceptual clarity to navigate its theoretical and empirical challenges. This paper introduces a composite, multilevel, and multidimensional model of consciousness as a heuristic framework to guide research in this field. Consciousness is treated as a complex phenomenon, with distinct constituents and dimensions that can be operationalized for study and for evaluating their replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computational Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Our choices are typically accompanied by a feeling of confidence-an internal estimate that they are correct. Correctness, however, depends on our goals. For example, exploration-exploitation problems entail a tension between short- and long-term goals: finding out about the value of one option could mean foregoing another option that is apparently more rewarding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Digital cognitive tools offer novel ways to detect early cognitive changes associated with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). A digital version of the maze test (dMaze) was recently developed using a digital pen (12 ms temporal precision) to uniquely capture the process of test completion, reflecting the thinking effort, potentially more sensitive to early cognitive deficits in preclinical AD. The sensitivity of these novel digital maze test variables-Wall Penetration Count and Speed Standard Deviation (Speed SD)-to detect early amyloid-β burden was evaluated, hypothesizing that greater amyloid accumulation would be associated with greater variability of speed, and more wall penetration errors while completing the task, reflecting a greater thinking effort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Background: Financial exploitation vulnerability (FEV) denotes the risk for falling victim to financial fraud and older adults reportedly lose an estimated $36 billion annually to scams. Socioemotional and cognitive impairments are potential risk factors for FEV in older adults with dementia. The present study examines whether the socioemotional measures of sensitivity to unfairness and self-unawareness of socioemotional dysfunction and brain atrophy are associated with increased risk for FEV in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
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