A recent report by G. Clark points to a sustained persistence of social status in England that extends vertically across several generations and horizontally across many levels of kinship. We seek to put his findings in historical perspective. We do so by relating them to two lines of thinking related to biological inheritance. One predated the rediscovery of Mendel's work and led to the field of quantitative genetics, which dealt on the whole with quasi-continuously varying traits. The other is based on the rediscovery itself and led to a reconciliation between quantitative genetics and discrete Mendelian elements of heredity. Both were enmeshed with the supposed need for, and societal consequences of, eugenics and assortative mating. Also on both issues, the significant ideas can be traced to R. A. Fisher, inspired in one case by F. Galton and in the other by J. A. Cobb, with strong support for Galton and Cobb coming from Karl Pearson. Clark's findings point to societal stratification, and assortative mating for wealth is a straightforward hypothesis to account for it. However, it should be noted that the findings support, but do not prove, the hypothesis.
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Nat Hum Behav
December 2024
Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield Department of Population Health and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts health and life-course outcomes. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sociologically informed occupational status measures (ISEI, SIOPS, CAMSIS) using the UK Biobank (N = 273,157) identified 106 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms of which 8 are novel to the study of SES. Genetic correlations with educational attainment (r = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFG3 (Bethesda)
December 2024
Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
Species-specific sexual traits facilitate species-assortative mating by reducing mating across species and reducing hybrid sexual attractiveness. For learned sexual traits, such as song in oscine birds, species distinctiveness can be eroded when species co-occur. Transcriptional regulatory divergence in brain regions involved in sensory learning are hypothesized to maintain species distinctiveness, but relatively few studies have compared gene expression in relevant brain regions between closely related species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Evol Biol
December 2024
Department of Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit ätsstraÿe 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
Behav Ecol
November 2024
Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
J Dairy Sci
December 2024
Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Carrigrohane, Ballincollig, Co. Cork, P31 D452, Ireland.
A decision support tool or system is a computerized information system used to support decision-making in a business; one central component to profitable dairy cattle production systems is the appropriate mating of bulls and females. While tools have been described to aid mating decisions between dairy bulls and dairy females, or between beef bulls and beef females, there is a void of such tools that recommend which beef bull to mate to individual dairy females. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a framework, founded on linear programming, to aid herd-level mating decisions where the bull-female mating is tailored based on complementarity and compatibility of both mates; consideration in the process was given to the genetic merit of both mates for a series of traits as well as the life history of the female herself.
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