'I wasn't on the front line , but I was part of health care': Contributions and experiences of ancillary staff in care homes in England during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Ancillary staff - cleaning, catering, housekeeping and laundry workers - play a crucial role in care homes, by promoting infection control, food preparation and hygiene, and contributing to the care home environment. This study sought to understand the experiences of ancillary staff working in English care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will inform policy makers, employers, care home managers and others, both in England and overseas, as how to best support the ancillary workforce.

Methods: Between March and August 2021, video and telephone interviews were conducted with those working or living in care homes in England. Participants comprised ancillary staff ( = 38), care home managers ( = 8), care home residents' family members and friends ( = 7), human resource managers ( = 5) and care home residents ( = 5).

Results: Ancillary staff often had increased responsibilities and contributed to pandemic efforts by changing working practices, routines and job roles with the aim of supporting residents and other staff. Teamwork, underpinned by strong leadership, helped ancillary staff feel supported.

Conclusions: Ancillary staff should be better recognised as being central to care home care. They are essential workers helping to keep residents safe and well.