An early detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) is crucial for their prognosis; however, the clinical heterogeneity of some disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an obstacle to accurate diagnoses in children. In order to facilitate the screening process, the current study aimed to identify symptom-based clusters among a community-based sample of preschool and school-aged children, using behavioral characteristics reported by teachers. A total of 6894 children were assessed on four key variables: social communication differences, restricted behavior patterns, restless-impulsiveness, and emotional lability (pre-schoolers) or inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (school-aged). From these behavioral profiles, four clusters were identified for each age group. A cluster of ASD + ADHD and others including children with no pathology was clearly identified, whereas two other clusters were characterized by subthreshold ASD and/or ADHD symptoms. In the school-age children, the presence of ADHD was consistently observed with ASD patterns. In pre-schoolers, teachers were more proficient at identifying children who received a diagnosis for either ASD and/or ADHD from an early stage. Considering the significance of early detection and intervention of NDDs, teachers' insights are important. Therefore, promptly identifying subthreshold symptoms in children can help to minimize consequences in social and academic functioning.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3138 | DOI Listing |
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit persistent deficits in social interaction and communication in adulthood. Pioneering studies have suggested that these difficulties arise from a lack of immediate, spontaneous mentalizing (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for brain development. Numerous studies have identified significant links between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function. However, research on the significance and necessity of thyroid function tests in diagnosis of neurological disorders is limited and subject to controversy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Neurol
December 2024
Harley French Medical Library, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Introduction: Pediatric neurology provides care for children with complex developmental disorders with environmental, genetic, metabolic, and teratogenic etiologies. Common neurodevelopmental conditions include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder. However, only minimal attention from pediatric neurology journals has been devoted to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfancy
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Social smiling is the earliest gained social communication skill, emerging around 2 months of age. From 2 to 6-months, infants primarily smile in response to caregivers. After 6 months, infants coordinate social smiles with other social cues to initiate interactions with the caregiver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Affect Disord
December 2024
Department of Sleep and Psychology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; Department of Sleep and Psychology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, China. Electronic address:
Background: Maternal smoking around birth (MSAB) and early-life breastfeeding (BAB) represent critical factors that may exert enduring effects on neuropsychiatric health. Although previous research has examined these exposures separately, the combined impact of both on disorders such as ADHD, ASD, BD, MDD, ANX, and SCZ remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between MSAB and BAB and the risk of developing these neuropsychiatric disorders through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
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