Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room T5-204, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
Published: May 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Soft implantable devices are crucial to optimizing form and function for many patients. However, periprosthetic capsule fibrosis is one of the major challenges limiting the use of implants. Currently, little is understood about how spatial and temporal factors influence capsule physiology and how the local capsule environment affects the implant structure. In this work, we analyzed breast implant capsule specimens with staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction to investigate spatiotemporal differences in inflammation and fibrosis. We demonstrated that in comparison to the anterior capsule against the convex surface of breast implants, the posterior capsule against the flat surface of the breast implant displays several features of a dysregulated foreign body reaction including increased capsule thickness, abnormal extracellular remodeling, and infiltration of macrophages. Furthermore, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in the posterior capsule across the lifespan of the device, but not in the anterior capsule. We also analyzed the surface oxidation of breast explant samples with XPS analysis. No significant differences in surface oxidation were identified either spatially or temporally. Collectively, our results support spatiotemporal heterogeneity in inflammation and fibrosis within the breast implant capsule. These findings presented here provide a more detailed picture of the complexity of the foreign body reaction surrounding implants destined for human use and could lead to key research avenues and clinical applications to treat periprosthetic fibrosis and improve device longevity.
Both rigid plastics and soft hydrogels find ample applications in engineering and medicine but bear their own disadvantages that limit their broader applications. Bonding these mechanically dissimilar materials may resolve these limitations, preserve their advantages, and offer new opportunities as biointerfaces. Here, a robust adhesion strategy is proposed to integrate highly entangled tough hydrogels and diverse plastics with high interfacial adhesion energy and strength.
A vast range of infectious and noninfectious diseases can affect avian patients. Practitioners should be familiar with common presenting signs of these diseases in order to steer diagnostic testing and treatment.
Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) commonly present with gastrointestinal disease, which can be of noninfectious and infectious origin. Clinical signs are often nonspecific, and can include lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and melena. Obtaining a detailed history, followed by a thorough physical examination and systematic diagnostic approach are the key to obtaining a correct diagnosis.
Introduction: The incidence of foreign bodies within the human body is uncommon, with thermometers representing an exceptionally rare subset of such cases. The management of these cases is particularly challenging due to the fragility of mercury thermometers and the toxic nature of their contents.
Case Description: A 16-year-old male adolescent presented with a three-month history of persistent, dull pain localized to the right inguinal region.
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an essential compound in the biosynthesis of heme, playing a critical role in various physiological processes within the human body. This review provides the thorough analysis of the latest research on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits of 5-ALA in managing metabolic disorders. The ability of 5-ALA to influence immune response and inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, antioxidant system, mitochondrial functions, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, is mediated by molecular mechanisms associated with the suppression of the transcription factor NF-κB signaling pathway, activation of the transcription factor Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) system leading to the formation of heme-derived reaction products (carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, biliverdin, and bilirubin), which may contribute to HO-1-dependent cytoprotection through antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.
