The majority of problematic conditions resulting from dental implant treatment are inflammatory in character, but certain isolated occurrences of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been discovered in the area of implants. The goal of this study was to examine whether there is a link between dental implants and the development of OSCC in patients who have a history of a potentially malignant lesion (PML) or malignancy. Using the keywords "carcinoma" AND "dental implants," a search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), National Center for Biotechnology Information, and Google Scholar databases for case reports and case series in which OSCC was discovered as a primary cancer in the region of dental implants. An initial search identified 260 articles, 247 of which were excluded based on study inclusion or exclusion criteria, leaving 13 articles chosen for inclusion and a total of 30 patients who developed primary oral cancer surrounding osseointegrated titanium-based dental implants. In the studies included in the present review, 22 (73%) of 30 patients with peri-implant cancer had a history of PML or carcinoma. There is no statistical evidence of a direct association between dental implants and OSCC in patients with a history of a PML or malignant lesion. There have been some case reports of OSCC in the region of dental implants in patients with a history of a PML or malignant lesion, but further studies are needed to prove a definitive relationship.
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