Investigating Fe-doped BaNiMnFeO ( = 0, 0.2) ceramics: insights into electrical and dielectric behaviors.

This study investigates the characteristics of the BaNiMnFeO perovskite compound, focusing on its structural and electrical aspects under varying Fe doping levels at the Mn-site ( = 0, 0.2). X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the material's consistent structure, with Fe ions substituting Mn ions while maintaining their identical ionic radius. Nano-crystallinity studies reveal single-phase crystallization in the orthorhombic structure with space group . Samples are prepared through conventional solid-state sintering. The Williamson-Hall method calculates crystallite sizes, averaging 37 nm for = 0 and 33 nm for = 0.2. Electrical properties are examined using complex impedance spectroscopy at different temperatures and frequencies. Techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assess chemical composition. Activation energy values increase from 0.138 eV for = 0 to 0.171 eV for = 0.2, leading to reduced dc conductivity across the investigated temperature range. Dielectric permittivity enhances proportionally with increasing Fe doping. Variations in impedance profiles reveal a relaxation phenomenon. A circuit model, + (//CPE), elucidates impedance data. This study illuminates the interplay between Fe doping, activation energy, and electrical conductivity in BaNiMnFeO perovskite, offering insights applicable to electronic and energy-related devices. Perovskite-based nanomaterials have diverse environmental applications, including solar cells, light-emitting devices, transistors, sensors, and energy storage.