Background: Chylous leakage is a rare complication following esophagectomy; however, it can lead to mortality. We aimed to systematically evaluate the factors that may lead to increased chylous leakage after esophagectomy.
Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for all studies investigating the occurrence of chylous leakage after esophagectomy.
Results: A total of 32 studies were identified, including 26 randomized controlled trials and 3 cohort and case-control studies, each. The overall incidence of chylous leakage was 4.7% (278/5,971 cases). Analysis of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors showed that most of the qualitative analysis results did not significantly increase the incidence of chylous leakage. In some quantitative analyses, the chylous leakage rate was significantly lower in the thoracic duct mass ligation group than in the conservative treatment group (relative risk [RR] = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.83; I = 0.0%; P = 0.327). Direct oral feeding significantly reduced chylous leakage compared with jejunostomy (RR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.33; I = 0.0%; P = 0.335). However, preoperative inspiratory muscle training (RR = 1.66; 95% CI, 0.21-12.33; I = 55.5%; P = 0.134), preoperative chemoradiotherapy (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.55-1.80; I = 0.0%; P = 0.943), and robotic assistance (RR = 1.62; 95% CI, 0.92-2.86; I = 0.0%; P = 0.814) did not significantly reduce the incidence of chylous leakage.
Conclusions: Ligation of the thoracic duct and direct oral feeding can reduce the incidence of chylous leakage after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Other contributing factors remain unclear and require validation in further high-quality studies.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022397 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02764-1 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- The study focused on using ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography to diagnose and treat chylous ascites, a serious complication after abdominal surgery, particularly when conservative treatments failed.* -
- Ten patients with chylous ascites, primarily following liver surgery, participated in the study, and lymphangiography was successfully performed on all, using an average of 4.5 ml of lipiodol.* -
- The results indicated that lymphangiography not only identified leakage sites but also resolved the condition in 6 patients without needing additional surgery, suggesting it might be a viable treatment option.*
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