Tissue-resident memory T cells (T) serve as the frontline of host defense, playing a critical role in protection against invading pathogens. This emphasizes their role in providing rapid on-site immune responses across various organs. The physiological significance of T is not just confined to infection control; accumulating evidence has revealed that T also determine the pathology of diseases such as autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Intensive studies on the origin, mechanisms of formation and maintenance, and physiological significance of T have elucidated the transcriptional and functional diversity of these cells, which are often affected by local cues associated with their presence. These were further confirmed by the recent remarkable advancements of next-generation sequencing and single-cell technologies, which allow the transcriptional and phenotypic characterization of each T subset induced in different microenvironments. This review first overviews the current knowledge of the cell fate, molecular features, transcriptional and metabolic regulation, and biological importance of T in health and disease. Finally, this article presents a variety of recent studies on disease-associated T, particularly focusing and elaborating on the T in the gut, which constitute the largest and most intricate immune network in the body, and their pathological relevance to gut inflammation in humans.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-024-00333-6 | DOI Listing |
Npj Viruses
December 2024
Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK.
Maternal immunisation against respiratory viruses provides protection in early life, but as antibodies wane, there can be a gap in coverage. This immunity gap might be filled by inducing pathogen-specific lung tissue-resident T cells (TRM). However, the neonatal mouse lung has a different inflammatory environment to the adult lung which affects T cell recruitment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Invest Dermatol
December 2024
Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI) CONICET, ARGENTINA. Electronic address:
Fungal skin infections significantly contribute to the global human disease burden, yet our understanding of cutaneous immunity against dermatophytes remains limited. Previously, we developed a model of epicutaneous infection with Microsporum canis in C57BL/6 mice, which highlighted the critical role of IL-17RA signaling in anti-dermatophyte defenses. Here, we expanded our investigation to the human pathogen Nannizzia gypsea and demonstrated that skin γδTCRint and CD8/CD4 double-negative βTCR+ T cells are the principal producers of IL-17A during dermatophytosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare, long-lived and multipotent population that give rise to majority of blood cells and some tissue-resident immune cells. There is growing evidence that inflammatory stimuli can trigger persistent reprogramming in HSCs that enhances or inhibits the cellular functions of these HSCs and their progeny in response to subsequent infections. This newly discovered property makes HSCs a reservoir for innate immune memory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Transl Med
December 2024
Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
Background: Renal CD8 tissue-resident memory T (T) cells display prolonged survival and activity in lupus nephritis (LN), exacerbating renal pathology. NLRP3 regulates the T cell response. This study explored the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome activity on the regulatory functions of T cells in LN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunity
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (Trm) cells control infections and cancer and are defined by their lack of recirculation. Because migration is difficult to assess, residence is usually inferred by putative residence-defining phenotypic and gene signature proxies. We assessed the validity and universality of residence proxies by integrating mouse parabiosis, multi-organ sampling, intravascular staining, acute and chronic infection models, dirty mice, and single-cell multi-omics.
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