Can simple choice conditional-discrimination choice be accounted for by recent quantitative models of combined stimulus and reinforcer control? In Experiment 1, two sets of five blackout durations, one using shorter intervals and one using longer intervals, conditionally signaled which subsequent choice response might provide food. In seven conditions, the distribution of blackout durations across the sets was varied. An updated version of the generalization-across-dimensions model nicely described the way that choice changed across durations. In Experiment 2, just two blackout durations acted as the conditional stimuli and the durations were varied over 10 conditions. The parameters of the model obtained in Experiment 1 failed adequately to predict choice in Experiment 2, but the model again fitted the data nicely. The failure to predict the Experiment 2 data from the Experiment 1 parameters occurred because in Experiment 1 differential control by reinforcer locations progressively decreased with blackout durations, whereas in Experiment 2 this control remained constant. These experiments extend the ability of the model to describe data from procedures based on concurrent schedules in which reinforcer ratios reverse at fixed times to those from conditional-discrimination procedures. Further research is needed to understand why control by reinforcer location differed between the two experiments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.914 | DOI Listing |
Front Physiol
January 2025
Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Background And Aim: Hyperventilation before breath-hold diving (freediving) is widely accepted as a risk factor for hypoxic syncope or blackout (BO), but there is no practical way to address it before dives. This study explores the feasibility of using a force sensor to predict end-tidal carbon dioxide ( CO) to assess hyperventilation in freedivers.
Methods And Results: Twenty-one freedivers volunteered to participate during two national competitions.
Eur Heart J
December 2024
Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Faint and Fall Research Centre, S. Luca Hospital, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milano 20149, Italy.
Background And Aims: Identifying the haemodynamic mechanism of autonomic syncope is the essential pre-requisite for effective and personalized therapy aimed at preventing recurrences. The present study assessed the diagnostic efficacy of a two-step assessment.
Methods: Multicentre prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.
Cardiol Young
January 2025
Saitama Children's Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama, Japan.
Background: The Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern is a delta wave frequently detected in school-based cardiovascular screening programs in Japan. Although most children with Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern are asymptomatic, initial symptoms may include syncope or sudden death, necessitating accurate diagnosis and management. Delta waves can also indicate a fasciculoventricular pathway, which poses no risk and does not require management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of exposure to heat on the physical, social, and mental health domains of adults residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where the region faces great increases in temperature due to climate change. Previous research has focused mainly on physical health outcomes; this research addressed the expansive impacts of mental and social health, which remain understudied in the region.
Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 397 adults in the UAE using a structured questionnaire.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed
December 2024
Neurologische Klinik, Standort Gießen, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland.
Epileptic seizures, which are often accompanied by a reduction in vigilance, are a common emergency. Every first-time epileptic seizure should be investigated further. Particular attention should be paid to whether it is an acute symptomatic seizure, which is an acute event characterized by a metabolic disorder or acute cerebral damage within a certain period of time, or possibly epilepsy.
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