Analyzing EEG complexity may help to elucidate complex brain dynamics in individuals with psychiatric disorders and provide insight into neural connectivity and its relationship with deficits such as emotion-related impulsivity. EEG complexity was calculated through multiscale entropy and compared between a heterogeneous psychiatric patient group and a healthy control group during the emotion conflict resolution task. Twenty-eight healthy adults and ten psychiatric patients were recruited and compared on the multiscale entropy of EEG acquired in the task. Our results revealed a lower multiscale entropy in the psychiatric patient group compared to the healthy group during the task. This decrease in multiscale entropy suggests reduced long-range interaction between the left frontal region and other brain regions during the emotion conflict resolution task among psychiatric patients. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between multiscale entropy and impulsivity measures in the psychiatric patient group, where the higher the EEG complexity during the emotion regulation task, the higher the level of self-reported impulsivity in the psychiatric patients. Such impulsivity was evident in both healthy individuals and psychiatric patients, with healthy individuals showing shorter reaction times on incongruent conditions compared to congruent conditions and psychiatric patients displaying similar reaction times in both conditions, This study highlights the significance of investigating EEG complexity and its potential applications in the transdiagnostic exploration of impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.
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