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Evidence for Multiple Independent Expansions of Fox Gene Families Within Flatworms.
J Mol Evol
January 2025
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Warsaw, Ul. Żwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
Expansion and losses of gene families are important drivers of molecular evolution. A recent survey of Fox genes in flatworms revealed that this superfamily of multifunctional transcription factors, present in all animals, underwent extensive losses and expansions during platyhelminth evolution. In this paper, I analyzed Fox gene complement in four additional species of platyhelminths, that represent early-branching lineages in the flatworm phylogeny: catenulids (Stenostomum brevipharyngium and Stenostomum leucops) and macrostomorphs (Macrostomum hystrix and Macrostomum cliftonense).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplementation of the 9th TNM for lung cancer: practical insights for radiologists.
Eur Radiol
January 2025
Clinic of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
Lung cancer is the most common and deadly cancer worldwide. The 9th edition of the tumor node meta (TNM) classification system, effective from January 1, 2025, introduces significant updates. Notably, the N2 category is newly divided into N2a (single-station involvement) and N2b (multiple-station involvement), which reflects distinct prognostic implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of community pharmacists in point-of-care testing and treatment for influenza and Group A Streptococcus -a narrative review using Ecological Systems Theory.
Res Social Adm Pharm
January 2025
University of Iowa College of Pharmacy 342 CPB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a valuable diagnostic approach for identifying pathogens such as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and influenza. Early detection through POCT allows for timely initiation of appropriate treatments improving public health outcomes and minimizing antibiotic misuse. Community pharmacists are well positioned to offer POCT and treatment, but they face significant system level barriers to widespread implementation and reach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Interventricular Membranous Septal Aneurysms.
JACC Case Rep
January 2025
Interventional Cardiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Aneurysms of the interventricular membranous septum are a rare anatomical feature that can be detected incidentally on computed tomography or echocardiography. Such aneurysms can pose challenges in the treatment of patients with aortic valve stenosis. A case series of 2 patients with membranous septal aneurysms treated successfully with current-generation balloon-expandable and self-expanding transcatheter heart valves is presented here.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Review of Current Treatment Options for Stage III and Stage IV Metastatic Melanoma.
S D Med
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
The incidence of melanoma has increased for decades, and while surgical treatment of early stage disease is often curative, metastatic disease continues to have significant morbidity and mortality and carries a high associated health burden and economic cost. An expanding number of dermatologists are playing a key role in coordinating the care of patients with advanced melanoma, including in the setting of multidisciplinary melanoma clinics, many of which are anchored in dermatology departments. Advances in the understanding of the genetic and immunoregulatory aspects of melanoma development and progression have yielded a wave of novel therapeutics that has made significant impact on the approach to patients with metastatic disease.
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