In order to solve the problem of the blindness of borehole layout when the nonuniform occurrence of gas and the neglect of plastic failure around the borehole will underestimate the gas production, a gas-solid coupling model is established for considering plastic failure. The finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics is used to investigate the evolution of the effective radius during the nonuniform occurrence of gas, and the relationship between the effective radius and the borehole spacing is determined. The results show that the permeability around the borehole increases significantly when plastic failure is considered and the rising area is butterfly shaped, with a maximum increase of 94 times. Not only does the peak value of the gas drainage flow increase but the time of its occurrence is also delayed. The maximum gas drainage flow rate increases by 40.7%, and the cumulative drainage volume increases by 37%. The relationship between the effective radius and reasonable borehole spacing in nonuniform gas occurrence is obtained. This research can provide a reference for the selection of borehole spacing under the condition of nonuniform distribution of coal seam gas.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00494 | DOI Listing |
Inorg Chem
January 2025
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Pressurized IrX (X = P and As) stands out as the sole -type superconductors among dozens of filled-skutterudites that are primarily characterized by -type charge carriers. The emergence of superconductivity is proposed to be intimately related to the inharmonic rattling phonons originating from the filled atoms. Here, we explore the impact of the size effect of the rattling atoms by substituting X with Sb, whose radius is 30 and 17% larger than those of P and As, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem A
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens Plats 1, University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
We point out that although a litany of studies have been published on atoms in hard-wall confinement, they have either not been systematic, having only looked at select atoms and/or select electron configurations, or they have not used robust numerical methods. To remedy the situation, we perform in this work a methodical study of atoms in hard-wall confinement with the HelFEM program, which employs the finite element method that trivially implements the hard-wall potential, guarantees variational results, and allows for easily finding the numerically exact solution. Our fully numerical calculations are based on nonrelativistic density functional theory and spherically averaged densities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLarge energy single-frequency nanosecond (ns) near-infrared light source is an essential device in the field of the remote chemical analysis based on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In this paper, a large energy single-frequency ns 824 nm light source with high repetition rate is presented, which is generated from a seed-injection locked optical parametric oscillator (OPO). By optimizing the spot radius of the pump laser and the mode-matching between the pump laser and signal light, the optical parametric generation (OPG) process is effectively eliminated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe corner rounding effect in lithography refers to the phenomenon where the corners or angles of a pattern created by lithography are rounded off, rather than remaining square and sharp. This occurs mainly due to the diffraction of light. In addition, mask pattern design, numerical aperture, and the limited resolution of the lithographic process also influence it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStitching interferometry is essential for X-ray mirror metrology where lateral distortion and pixel size are critical factors influencing its accuracy. Simulations and experiments reveal that 1% error in pixel size causes a 2% deviation in the radius of curvature. After correcting pixel size, the stitching profile error of an elliptical mirror reduces from 2 μm to 250 nm (peak-to-valley).
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