Risk factors for bone cement dislodgement following balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with bone cement dislodgement in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture following balloon kyphoplasty treatment.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 203 patients who underwent kyphoplasty in 255 vertebral bodies between January 2017 and December 2021. The patients were categorized into two groups: the bone cement dislodgment group (n = 16) and the non-bone cement dislodgement group (n = 239). Various patient characteristics and radiologic parameters were evaluated. Statistical analysis involved the assessment of the background homogeneity of the group by using independent sample t tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the impact of background variables on cement dislodgement.

Results: The results revealed that split-type fracture (χ = 31.706, p < 0.001), DISH (χ = 18.827, p = 0.011), pedicle fracture (χ = 22.246, p < 0.001), endplate deficit (χ = 14.023, p < 0.001), posterior wall injury (χ = 29.124, p < 0.001), and intervertebral vacuum cleft (χ = 21.469, p < 0.001) were the factors that significantly differed between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed posterior wall injury (OR = 12.983, p = 0.025) and intervertebral vacuum cleft (OR = 5.062, p = 0.024) to be independent risk factors.

Conclusion: The incidence of bone cement dislodgement in our study was 6.3%. This study underscores the importance of using preoperative radiologic parameters to predict the risk of bone cement dislodgement following balloon kyphoplasty.